An operating system is a program that manages a computer’s hardware. An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner.
Operating system goals or functions :
- Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier
- Make the computer system convenient to use
- Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner
Before we can explore the details of computer system operation, we need to know something about system structure.
Computer System Structure :
A computer system can be divided roughly into four components: the hardware, the operating system, the application programs, and the users (figure)
Hardware – Provides the basic computing resources for the system
- Central Processing unit (CPU)
- Memory
- Input/Output (I/O) devices
Application Programs – Define the ways in which these resources are used to solve user computing problems. Such as Web browsers, Compilers, Spreadsheets, etc.
Operating System – Controls the hardware and coordinates its use among the various application programs for various users.
Users – People, machines, other computers
We can also view a computer system as consisting of hardware, software, and data. OS performs no useful function by itself. It simply provides an environment within which other programs can do useful work.
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What Operating System Do :
- Depends on point of View (user view or system view)
- Users want convenience, ease of use, and good performance
- Don,t care about resource utilization
- But shared computer such as mainframe or minicomputer must keep all users happy
- Users of dedicated systems such as workstations have dedicated resources but frequently use shared resources from servers
- Handheld computers are resource-poor, optimized for usability and battery life
- Some computers have little or no user interface, such as embedded computers in devices and automobiles
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